Method and system for individual tire recycling

ABSTRACT

The method of the present invention for handling scrap tires, includes a step of providing a compacting apparatus to a scrap tire generator, such as a tire retailer. Before compacting the tires, the tire can be marked with a unique identifier assigned to every tire generator. By marking the scrap tires with a unique identifier, the scrap tires can be tracked on their way to the final destination. The compacting apparatus provides volume reduction of the scrap tires individually into a form that can have a reduction of at least fifty percent of original cubic volume. The tires can be pinched to maintain the compacted tire in the compacted form and prevent the compacted tire from regaining its original shape. The compacted scrap tires can be accumulated inside a tire collection enclosure, such as a trailer or dumpster. The collected tires can be transported with much more weight efficient loads of the tires to a transfer station, a recycling facility, or an end user.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001] 1. Field of the Invention

[0002] This invention relates to a method and system for collection,volume reduction, transportation, and tracking of scrap tires.

[0003] 2. Description of the Related Art

[0004] Generally, scrap tire generation in industrialized countries isapproximately one passenger car tire equivalent per population and year.It is estimated that 2 to 3 billion scrap tires are stockpiled inillegal or abandoned piles throughout the U.S. The most obvious hazardassociated with the uncontrolled disposal and accumulation of largeamounts of tires outdoors is the potential for large fires that areextremely detrimental to the environment. Once a large pile of tirescatches fire, it is very hard, if not impossible, to extinguish. In someinstances, large tire piles have been burning for several months withthe fumes being visible for many miles. Also, it has been found that airand soil pollution is even worse if attempts are made to extinguish thefire with foam or water. For this reason, scrap tire fires are oftenallowed to burn out in a more or less controlled manner until the entirepile is exhausted.

[0005] A second problem often caused by illegal tire piles involvesdisease carrying mosquitoes, which tend to breed in great numbers in theprotected water puddles which form in the inside of the tires. Outbreaksof diseases like Encephalitis, Rocky Mountain Fever, West Nile Fever orMalaria have been reported around large tire piles.

[0006] Scrap tires are illegally dumped for several reasons: poorenforcement of anti-littering and anti-dumping laws; lack of easilyavailable alternatives; and tire jockeys illegally dumping tires ratherthan paying tip fees. There is virtually no way of identifying thediscarded tires as to where they originated from, and who is at fault.

[0007] Most of used tires are generated at retail tire outlets, wherethe scrap tires are typically collected and transported to variouslocations: tire dump sites, transfer stations, shredding facilities,utility boilers, cement kilns and other locations. There have been someconventional solutions for addressing the issues of economics of scraptires handling and transportation, for example U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,590,594;5,676,320; 6,098,531; 6,315,223. These solutions provide either baling alarge amount of tires at a time or shredding them in order to reducetheir cubic volume, thereby providing a more economic commodity fortransportation. (Transportation costs are a major component of the totalcosts in the scrap tire collection business.) There are severaldrawbacks with these methods. The biggest problem associated with balingor shredding tires is that large amounts of tires have to be collectedand stored before a mobile processing unit can arrive on site. Also,bales of tires are very heavy and require forklifts for handling (whichare not a standard equipment at tire outlets). Shredding the tiresproduces a lot of dust that is very flammable, requires a front loadingtruck for handling the shreds and not every location described abovewill accept pre-shredded tires.

[0008] U.S. Pat. No. 5,809,875 describes an apparatus for crushingvehicle wheels. A frame includes three radially dispersed rectangulartube beams each mounting a hydraulic cylinder and a crushing head whichconverge and operate radially to deform a scrap supported at the centerof the frame in order to separate the steel rim of the wheel from thesurrounding casing. After removing the steel rim, the tire will returnto its original shape. Accordingly, this patent does not teachcompacting tires to be used in recycling and maintaining the compactedtires in a compacted form.

[0009] It is desirable to provide a method and system for individualtire recycling and tracking.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0010] The invention relates to a method and system for recyclingindividual scrap tires by crushing individual tires. The methodeliminates or reduces the costs associated with conventional methods ofstoring, handling, and transporting the scrap tires. The invention alsoprovides a method of tracking the scrap tires on the way from the scraptire generator to the end destination by marking the scrap tires withunique numbers that will be traceable, identifying the origin of thescrap tire, thereby preventing accumulation of illegal tire dumps(disposal sites).

[0011] The method of the present invention for handling scrap tires,includes a step of providing a compacting apparatus to a scrap tiregenerator, such as a tire retailer. Before compacting the tires, thetire can be marked with a unique identifier assigned to every tiregenerator. By marking the scrap tires with a unique identifier, thescrap tires can be tracked on their way to the final destination. Thecompacting apparatus provides volume reduction of the scrap tiresindividually into a form that can have a reduction of at least fiftypercent of original cubic volume. The tires can be pinched to maintainthe compacted tire in the compacted form and prevent the compacted tirefrom regaining its original shape. The compacted scrap tires can beaccumulated inside a tire collection enclosure, such as a trailer ordumpster. The collected tires can be transported with much more weightefficient loads of the tires to a transfer station, a recyclingfacility, or an end user.

[0012] The invention will be more fully described by reference to thefollowing drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013]FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of an individual tire compactingapparatus in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.

[0014]FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view showing details of the pinchingdevice, which is a part of the compacting apparatus shown in FIG. 1.

[0015]FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a compressed scrap tire afterapplication of the compacting apparatus.

[0016]FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of a plurality of compressed scraptires in a stacked arrangement.

[0017]FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an example of a unique identifiermarked on a scrap tire to be recycled in accordance with the presentinvention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] Reference will now be made in greater detail to a preferredembodiment of the invention, an example of which is illustrated in theaccompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numeralswill be used throughout the drawings and the description to refer to thesame or like parts.

[0019]FIG. 1 illustrates tire compacting apparatus 9, includingmechanism assembly 10, compressed air system 20, and control system 30.Mechanism assembly 10, compressed air system 20 and a control system 30can be supported in a conventional manner using a body assembly (notshown).

[0020] Mechanism assembly 10 includes main piston cylinder 11, crushingplates 12 and 13, and pinching device 35. Main piston cylinder 11 movescrushing plate 12 toward and away from crushing plate 13. Main pistoncylinder 11 can be of compressed air or hydraulic configuration.

[0021] Compressed air system 20 includes compressed air supply line 21,compressed air valves 22 and lines 23. Compressed air system 20 suppliescompressed air through compressed air lines 23 to either front end 25 ofmain piston cylinder 11 to activate main piston cylinder 11 in thedirection of arrow A₁ or back end 26 of main piston cylinder to retractmain piston cylinder 11 in the direction of arrow A₂. Valves 22 open andclose to supply air from air supply line 21. Compressed air system 20can be a conventional system.

[0022] Control system 30 includes control module 31, operator controls32 and proximity sensor 33. Control system 30 can be a conventionalsystem and include other devices. Operator controls 32 can be used toactivate control module 31. Control module 31 controls the movement ofcrushing plate 12 toward and away from crushing plate 13 by controllingcompressed air system 20. Control module 31 sends a signal to valves 22for opening and closing valves 22. Proximity sensor 33 sense thedistance between crushing plates 12 and 13 and sends a signal to controlmodule 31 which activates valves 22. A body assembly (not shown) caninclude a frame, outside enclosure panels, an access door, and operatorcontrols 32.

[0023]FIG. 2 illustrates pinching device 35 comprised of piston cylinder15, pinching mechanism 14, protrusions 16, drive bushings 17, couplingelement 18 and push pins 19. Lines 23 supply compressed air to pistoncylinder 15. A plurality of protrusions 16 a and 16 b extend atpredetermined positions along respective crushing plates 12 and 13.Drive bushings 17 are formed inside protrusions 16 b. Drive bushings 17provide a guide for push pins 19. Coupling element 18 is positioned inbetween crushing plates 12 and 13. Push pins 19 move forward insidedrive bushings 17 for forcing coupling element 18 out of drive bushing17 and into a tire. After coupling element 18 is inserted through thetire, coupling element 18 can contact protrusion 16 a of crushing plate12 for bending coupling element 18. For example, coupling element 18 canhave a wire nail form including a head and body. The body is bentbackward after insertion of coupling element 18 and coupling element 18is retained in the tire. Alternatively, coupling element 18 can be awire, thread, staple or other conventional attachment element.

[0024]FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a form that scrap tire 40 willtake after being compacted and pinched, such as being wired, sewn,nailed or stapled, in accordance with the teachings of the presentinvention. In the compacted form, scrap tire 40 can have a reduction ofat least fifty percent of original cubic volume. A plurality ofindentations 42 and protrusions 44 are formed in scrap tire 40 bycontact with protrusions 16 a, 16 b. Coupling elements 18 can beinserted in one or more of the indentations 42 for maintaining scraptire 40 in a compacted form. It will be appreciated that more or lessindentations 42 can be formed in scrap tire 40 and more or less couplingelements 18 can be inserted into indentations 42 by pinching device 35.The drawing expresses only an approximate shape of a compressed scraptire, since the scrap tires come in variety of sizes.

[0025]FIG. 4 illustrates a plurality of compressed tires in a stackedarrangement. Indentations 42 of a first scrap tire 40 are aligned withprotrusions 44 of an adjacent scrap tire 40. The method of stacking thecompressed tires is designed to be an economical space saving way ofstoring pinched scrap tires 40, as shown in FIG. 3. It will beappreciated that other ways of stacking the compressed tires can beused.

[0026]FIG. 5 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention in whichan identifier 50 is marked on scrap tire 40. For example, identifier 50can be a sequence of letters, numbers or symbols. Identifier 50 can beunique for every scrap tire generator and be composed of at least fourdigits. The marking of identifier 50 on scrap tire 40 can be achieved bystamping, printing, branding or in any other known manner to thoseskilled in art. Identifier 50 can be placed on any position on scraptire 40.

[0027]FIG. 6 illustrates the method of the present invention forrecycling scrap tire 60. In block 62, scrap tires are provided tocompacting apparatus of the present invention. For example, the scraptires can be provided by a scrap tire generator, e.g., tire retailer tothe compacting apparatus. In block 64, the scrap tires are optionallymarked with a unique identifier corresponding to an assigned tiregenerator. In block 66, the scrap tires are volume reduced by compactingindividual scrap tires one at the time using the compacting apparatusinto a form that will have a reduction of at least fifty percent oforiginal cubic volume. In block 67, the compacted form of the scrap tireis maintained such as by pinching and retention with a coupling element,as described above. In block 68, the compressed scrap tires arecollected such as by accumulating inside a tire collection enclosure.For example, the tire collection enclosure can be a designated space,trailer or, but not limited to, dumpster. In block 69, the collectedtires are transported to a transfer station, a recycling facility, or anend user. Volume reduction achieved by applying present inventionprovides more weight efficient loads of the tires, thereby lowers thetransportation costs.

[0028] By the method of the present invention, the scrap tire generatorcan provide for compressing the tires, and a scrap tire collector cantransport them to a collection facility, transfer station, recyclingfacility or the end user. By utilizing the shipping manifest that baresan identifier that is assigned to each tire generator, scrap tiresmarked with the identifier can be tracked on their way to the finaldestination.

[0029] During operation of compacting apparatus 9, an operator such as atire generator facility's employee, opens an access door (not shown),loads drive bushings 17 with coupling elements 18, places scrap tire 40in mechanism assembly 10, between crushing plates 12 and 13, and closesthe access door (not shown). Control button 32 is actuated by theoperator to start the process of compacting scrap tire 40, by deliveringthe compressed air or pressurized hydraulic fluid to main pistoncylinder 11. Main piston cylinder 11 moves crushing plate 12 towardscrushing plate 13. After main piston cylinder 11 reaches full extension,proximity sensor 33 actuates valves 22 to deliver compressed air orpressurized hydraulic fluid to piston cylinder 15 for actuating pinchingdevice 35. Pinching device 35 operates to pierce compressed scrap tire40 with coupling elements 18. Coupling elements 18 can be bent bycontact with anvils (not shown) located directly opposite correspondingdrive bushings 17. Coupling elements 18 can be wire nails which can bebent rearwardly to prevent scrap tire 40 from regaining its originalshape. Thereafter, control module 31 actuates main piston cylinder 11 tomove crushing plate 12 to its starting position, this will enable theoperator to open the access door (not shown), and remove compressedscrap tire 40 from compacting apparatus 9. After removal of scrap tire40 from compacting apparatus 9, scrap tire 40 can be placed on removalequipment such as a hand truck, and the process can be repeated foranother individual tire. When a predetermined amount of scrap tires 40have been crushed and placed on the hand truck, the operator cantransfer the scrap tires 40 to a tire collection enclosure such as adesignated space, trailer or, but not limited to, self dumpingcontainer.

[0030] Generally, the present invention greatly reduces the amount oflabor involved in loading the tires one at the time on to thetrailers/containers, or eliminates the need for an expensive forklifttruck to load heavy bales of tires on to the flatbed trucks, furthergreatly reduces the costs associated with transporting small weightloads, provides an alternative to the expense of keeping the insured andregistered trailers for extended periods of time parked at the scraptire generator's location by utilizing self dumping containers, providesa way to track the scrap tires to its source of origin by the means oforiginal and unique number placed on the scrap tire, thereby furtherreducing the chances of those tires to be illegally dumped, and furtheryet preventing or limiting the mosquitoes born diseases by disablingillegal disposal of the scrap tires.

[0031] Although the invention has been illustrated by the precedingdescription, it is not intended to be construed as being limited to thespecific preferred embodiments employed therein. Modifications, changes,and improvements to the preferred forms of the invention hereindisclosed, described, and illustrated may occur to those skilled in theart who come to understand the principles and precepts thereof.Accordingly, the scope of the patent to be issued hereon should not belimited to the particular embodiments of the invention set forth herein,but rather should be defined by the advance by which the invention haspromoted the art. Whereas particular embodiments of the invention havebeen described herein above, for purposes of illustration, it will beevident to those skilled in the art that numerous variations of thedetails may be made without departing from the invention as defined inthe appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for recycling an individual tirecomprising the steps of: compacting said individual tire into acompacted form; and maintaining said individual tire in said compactedform.
 2. The method of claim 1 wherein in said compacted form a cubicvolume of said individual tire is reduced by at least fifty percent. 3.The method of claim 1 wherein said step of compacting said individualtire comprises pinching said compacted tires at one or more locations toform an indentation at each location and said step of maintaining saidindividual tire in said compacted form comprises inserting a couplingelement at the indentation.
 4. The method of claim 3 wherein saidcoupling element is a nail, staple, wire or thread.
 5. The method ofclaim 1 further comprising before the step of compacting the individualtire the step of: marking said individual tire with an identifier. 6.The method of claim 5 wherein said identifier represents identificationof a tire generator.
 7. The method of claim 6 wherein said identifier isa sequence of letters, numbers or symbols.
 8. A system for recycling anindividual tire comprising: means for compacting said individual tireinto a compacted form; and means for maintaining said individual tire insaid compacted form.
 9. The system of claim 8 wherein in said compactedform a cubic volume of said individual tire is reduced by at least fiftypercent.
 10. The system of claim 8 wherein said means for compactingsaid individual tire comprises a first crushing plate, a second crushingplate and a main piston cylinder coupled to said first crushing plateand said second crushing plate, said main piston cylinder moving saidfirst crushing plate toward and away from said second crushing plate.11. The system of claim 10 wherein said main piston has a compressed airor hydraulic configuration.
 12. The system of claim 10 furthercomprising a proximity sensor for sensing a distance between said firstcrushing plate and said second crushing plate, said proximity sensoractivating said means for maintaining said individual tire in compactedform when said main piston cylinder reaches full extension.
 13. Thesystem of claim 8 wherein said means for maintaining said individualtire in said compacted form comprises: means for pinching said compactedtires at one or more locations; and means for inserting a couplingelement at the pinched locations.
 14. The system of claim 13 whereinsaid means for pinching comprises one or more protrusions extending froma first crushing plate and a second crushing plate.
 15. The system ofclaim 13 wherein said coupling element is a nail, staple, wire orthread.
 16. The system of claim 15 wherein said coupling element is heldby a drive bushing to each of said one or more protrusions.
 17. Thesystem of claim 8 further comprising: means for marking said individualtire with an identifier.
 18. The system of claim 17 wherein saididentifier represents identification of a tire generator.
 19. The systemof claim 18 wherein said identifier is a sequence of letters, numbers orsymbols.
 20. A method of handling scrap tires comprising: providing ascrap tire compacting apparatus for receiving an individual scrap tire;compacting said individual scrap tire into a compacted form; maintainingsaid individual scrap tires in said compacted form; collecting saidindividual scrap tire in compacted form; and transporting said collectedindividual scrap tires to a transfer station, recycling facility or enduser.
 21. The method of claim 20 wherein in said compacted form a cubicvolume of said individual tire is reduced by at least fifty percent. 22.The method of claim 20 wherein said step of collecting said scrap tiresis performed by collecting said scrap tires in a tire collectionenclosure.
 23. The method of claim 22 wherein the tire collectionenclosure is a trailer or self dumping container.
 24. The method ofclaim 20 wherein said step of compacting said individual scrap triesproduces one or more indentations adjacent to a protrusion and said stepof collecting tires comprises stacking said one or more indentations ofa first said scrap tire in one or more protrusions of an adjacent secondscrap tire.